Wittenberg is located on the Elbe River in eastern Germany, 62 miles (100km) southwest of Berlin and it's about one hour by train from both Berlin and Leipzig. Since 1996, the town has staged open-air theatre shows based on the Lutheran history still alive in many historical places of the ancient town. Dawn raids on Wednesday ended with 25 people remanded in custody, accused of membership of a terrorist organisation, including Heinrich XIII Prinz zu Reuss. Father of Merwig II, King of the Thringians; Wedelphe of the Thringians and Basina of the Saxons. The Stadthaus is a modern building complex on Arsenalplatz that includes several historic buildings. [2] He had divided his kingdom of Middle Francia between his three sons and immediately the northernmost of the three divisions, Lotharingia, was disputed between the kings of East and West Francia. Wittenbergs river harbour and position as a railway junction aided its industrialization. About 8.5% of births occurred out of wedlock. It has been applied: (1) before ad 1180, to an extensive far-north German region including Holstein but lying mainly west and southwest of the estuary and lower course of the Elbe River; (2) between 1180 and 1423, to two much smaller and widely separated areas, one on the right (east) bank of the lower Elbe southeast of Holstein, the other on th. [10] Henry may even have promulgated a law stipulating that the kingdom would thereafter be united. But it seems to me that the kingdom of the Germans which today, as we see, has possession of Rome is a part of the kingdom of the Franks. [4] It was popularized by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy (late 11th century), perhaps as a polemical tool against Emperor Henry IV. Wittenberg (/wtnbr, vt-/ WIT-n-burg, VIT-, German: [vtnbk] (listen); Low Saxon: Wittenbarg; meaning White Mountain;[a] officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg (Luther City Wittenberg)), is the fourth-largest town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Johann Jacob Moser also used "German" as a synonym for "Imperial". Eight compounds held 13,000 men. Introduction. Wittenberg, city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), north-central Germany. About one-third of the revenue derived from railways, forests, and mines, about 1,400,000 from direct taxation, and the remainder from indirect taxes, the post office and sundry items. The synod consisted of a representative council including both lay and clerical members. The king received a civil list (annual grant) equivalent to 103,227 pounds sterling in the early 20th century.[7]. Wittenberg's civic coat of arms conveys with its various heraldic elements something of the town's history. Fri Dec 9 2022 - 18:41 Locals in Wittenberg, 100km southwest of Berlin, were surprised to learn this week of alleged plans to topple German democracy and install a monarchy because, as far as. Unlike many other historic German cities during World War II, Wittenberg's town centre was spared destruction during the conflict. The use of dogs to attack POW's was criticised by American Ambassador James W. Gerard in his book "Four Years in Germany". In the competition between Austria and Prussia for supremacy in Germany, William had consistently taken the Austrian side and the new king continued this policy. This weekend, an online Kingdom of Germany seminar promises practical advice on avoiding the Great Reset, a popular online conspiracy that claims a global elite is using the coronavirus pandemic to dismantle capitalism and enforce radical social change. Louis the German was known at the time as "Rex Germaniae" (King of Germany) as his brother was called King of Gaul. At the end of the war, Soviet forces occupied Wittenberg; it became part of East Germany in 1949. This title was employed most frequently by the German kings themselves, though they did deign to employ "Teutonic" titles when it was diplomatic, such as Frederick Barbarossa's letter referring to his receiving the coronam Theutonici regni (crown of the German kingdom). Up to 1791 the figures are generally estimated, later figures are from census or local authorities. The conventional term "younger" serves to distinguish them from the (poorly documented) duchies under the Merovingian monarchs. The consistory comprised a president, 9 councilors, and a general superintendent or prelate from each of six principal towns. The state revenue for 19091910 totalled an estimated amount equivalent at the time to 4,840,520, nearly balanced by expenditure. [4], The revolutionary movement of 1848 did not leave Wrttemberg untouched, although no violence took place in the territory. Beginning in the late eleventh century, during the Investiture Controversy, the Papal curia began to use the term regnum teutonicorum to refer to the realm of Henry IV in an effort to reduce him to the level of the other kings of Europe, while he himself began to use the title rex Romanorum or King of the Romans to emphasise his divine right to the imperium Romanum. This area of present-day Germany is culturally and linguistically Swabia. Some authorities derive it from a proper name: "Wiruto" or "Wirtino," others from a Celtic place-name, "Virolunum" or "Verdunum". The Anabaptist movement had one of its earliest homes in Wittenberg, when the Zwickau prophets moved there in late 1521, only to be suppressed by Luther when he returned from the Wartburg in spring of 1522. Wittenberg, Germany. Despite having a Catholic royal family, Protestantism survived as the established church, run by a church council composed by members of the nobility of Wrttemberg. The House probably originated in the vicinity of the Salian dynasty. It includes the event centre Stadthaus, the Historical City Information, the Council Archive and the Tourist and City Information Centre.[7]. Wittenberg is famous for its close connection with Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, for which it received the honorific Lutherstadt. For that Henry of whom we are speaking refused, it is said, the honor offered by the supreme pontiff. Gymnasia and other schools existed in the larger towns, while every commune had a primary school. In 1502 Elector Frederick founded the University of Wittenberg, which attracted some important thinkers such as Martin Luthera professor of theology beginning in 1508and Philipp Melanchthona professor of Greek starting in 1518. In actual fact the Luther statue was not even present in the town square during much of the war but in storage at Luther Brunnen, a roadhouse a few kilometres north of the town. For later rulers, see List of Ministers-President of Wrttemberg. The greatest distance north to south comprised 225 kilometres (140mi) and the greatest east to west was 160km (99mi). Germany From Above | Wondrium The Lotharingian nobility tried to preserve their independence of East or West Frankish rule by switching allegiance at will with the death of king Louis the Child in 911, but in 925 Lotharingia was finally ceded to East Francia by Rudolph of West Francia and it thereafter formed the Duchy of Lorraine within the East Frankish kingdom. Martin Luther's home, the Lutherhaus, where he studied and lived both before and after the Reformation, is now a museum containing many artifacts from his life. Instead, Germany's collapse in 1918 brings about the creation of a republic. [7] Also in that year, he claimed to have 5,000 members of his group, now identifying himself as Peter I of the Kingdom of Germany.[6]. The castle church was remodelled between 1883 and 1892. William had no sons, nor had his only Protestant kinsman, Duke Nicholas (18331903). Their domains, initially only the immediate surroundings of the castle included, increased steadily, mainly through acquisitions such as those from impoverished homes of Tbingen. There were also scattered references to a political community of "Germans" excluding the rest of the empire. Wrttemberg | German State, Kingdom & Duchy | Britannica The phenomenon that became the Protestant Reformation is unthinkable without the sense of mission and compelling . The Kingdom of Wittenberg - Blogger Updates? However, just outside Wittenberg the government had built the Arado Flugzeugwerke (the Arado Aircraft Factory), which produced components of airplanes for the Luftwaffe. Locals in Wittenberg, 100km southwest of Berlin, were surprised to learn this week of alleged plans to topple German democracy and install a monarchy because, as far as they were aware, they already had a king. The people of the north-west represent Alamannic stock, those of the north-east Franconian, and those of the centre and south Swabian. I have, moreover, refuted the basic difference between the so-called lteres Stammesfrstentum [older tribal principality] and jngeres Stammesfrstentum [younger tribal principality], since I consider the duchies before and after Charlemagne to have been basically the same Frankish institution [12], There has been debate in modern German historiography over the sense in which these duchies were "tribal", as in a people sharing a common descent ("stem"), being governed as units over long periods of time, sharing a tribal sense of solidarity, shared customs, etc. Wittenberg developed into an important trade centre during the following few centuries because of its central location. The desire for greater political freedom did not entirely fade under the constitution of 1819, and after 1830, some transitory unrest occurred. Rautenkranz or crancelin (literally "rue wreath"; see the Saxony article for more) across them symbolizing the town's founder Duke Albrecht II since 1262, when it appeared in his arms. The tree farms of Wilhelm and the Brdergemeinde delivered for free. The constitution was revised in 1906 when Wrttemberg introduced, before any other German state, the proportional system of election for the Second Chamber of the Diet. When, in 1035, Conrad attempted to depose Adalbero, Duke of Carinthia, Henry, acting on the advice of his tutor, Egilbert, Bishop of Freising, refused to allow it, as Adalbero was a vassal of the King, not the Emperor. Historical documents first mention the settlement in 1180 as a small village founded by Flemish colonists under the rule of the House of Ascania. [20] The kingdom had creative inventors; Gottlieb Daimler, the first car manufacturer, incorporated his business in 1900 as Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, and its successor company Mercedes-Benz always had plants near Stuttgart. October 4, 2013, 5:00am Former chef and martial arts trainer Peter Fitzek has founded his own micronation called the Kingdom of Germany. [citation needed], The Mohrenkpfle is the traditional swine. Now 56, Fitzek denies direct ties to the Reichsbrger movement. [10], Wrttemberg has a long history of producing red wines, growing different varieties from those grown in other German wine regions. It makes sense to have our own currency as we have our own firms, property, health insurer and bank.. Wittenberg - WordPress.com The shield on the left is the Wittenberg district's arms. Foreign kings and ecclesiastics continued to refer to the regnum Alemanniae and rgne or royaume d'Allemagne. After World War II, Wrttemberg was divided between the American and French occupation zones and became part of two new states; Wrttemberg-Baden and Wrttemberg-Hohenzollern. Wittenberg is also the headquarters of the eco-friendly web search engine Ecosia. Prior to 1495, Wrttemberg was a county in the former Duchy of Swabia, which had dissolved after the death of Duke Conradin in 1268. [5] Wrttemberg was a party to the 1864 Geneva Convention and the St Petersburg Declaration of 1868. [14] No duke attempted to set up an independent kingdom. The end of the struggle against Prussia allowed a renewal of democratic agitation in Wrttemberg, but this had achieved no tangible results when the war broke out in 1870. Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany - travel information from GermanSights It houses an exhibition. Wrttemberg, former German state, successively a countship, a duchy, a kingdom, and a republic before its partition after World War II. [citation needed] Around 1080 the ancestors of modern Wrttemberg, which was then called "Wirtemberg", settled in the Stuttgart area. Numerous schools and colleges existed for women. During the Seven Years' War, the building was severely damaged and rebuilt with a lower building height. Higher education institutions included the University of Tbingen, the Stuttgart University of Technology, the veterinary college, and the commercial college at Stuttgart, and the agricultural college of Hohenheim. Local time in Wittenberg is now 07:40 AM (Tuesday). [28] His grandson Henry IV used both "king of the Franks and Lombards"[29] and King of the Romans before Imperial coronation. The strength of the duchy lay in the military and commercial qualities of its predominantly free population. The Kingdom of Wrttemberg (German: Knigreich Wrttemberg) was a German state that existed from 1805 to 1918, located within the area that is now Baden-Wrttemberg. From 1857, the Vereinsthaler was introduced alongside it, and from 1873 onwards, both were replaced by the gold Mark. Wrttemberg also had a school of viticulture. It was originally a Duchy but was raised to a Kingdom in 1806. According to the intentions of the builders, the world-historical significance of the castle church was to be expressed. Gerd Tellenbach, This thesis was popularised for English scholars by. It was seriously damaged by fire in 1760 during a bombardment by the French during the Seven Years' War, was practically rebuilt, and was later (18851892) restored. Since 1922 the town has been known as 'Lutherstadt Wittenberg' - it was here that Martin Luther took the famous stand of nailing his '95 theses' to the church . Wittenberg Wittenberg, city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), north-central Germany. Christ Church was built as another church in 1907/1908 in the suburb of Kleinwittenberg in historicist forms. The Reformation started in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517, when Luther may have nailed his famous Ninety-five Theses to the wooden doors of the Castle Church. Various sites in Wittenberg associated with Luther (along with similar sites in Eisleben) were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996. Its territory approximated the central and eastern areas of present-day Baden-Wrttemberg ( q.v.) The fish is a salmon, which as once abundant in the Elbe. 26 min. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Wittenberg, The Official Site of Lutherstadt Wittenberg, CRW Flags - Flag of Wittenberg County, Germany, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Protestants predominated in the Neckar district and Roman Catholics in the Danube district. German) state. This "German kingdom" was later regarded as a subdivision of the Empire alongside Italy, Burgundy and Bohemia. This journey begins at Glcksburg Castle, once in the Kingdom of Denmark and now in Germany. My state has grown to 5,500 subjects who pay no taxes in the federal republic, said Fitzek this week, launching banknotes with his image and coins featuring famous figures from Mozart to Rudolf Steiner. Prior to 1495, Wrttemberg was a County in the former Duchy of Swabia (Schwaben). [7], Of the expenditure, over 900,000 went towards public worship and education, and over 1,200,000 went in interest and debt repayment. Wrttemberg paid an indemnity of 8,000,000 gulden, and concluded a secret offensive and defensive treaty with its conqueror. At the Diet of Worms in 1495, Count Eberhard V was raised to Duke (Herzog) by the German King, later Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I. It consists of several properties around the city of. First mentioned in 1180 and chartered in 1293, it was the residence of the Ascanian dukes and electors of Saxony from 1212 until it passed, with electoral Saxony, to the house of Wettin in 1423. Saxony, a kingdom of Germany, ranked among the constituent states of the empire, fifth in area, third in population and first in density of population, bounded on the S. by Bohemia, on . Understand The official name is Lutherstadt Wittenberg for its close connection of the town with Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation. The salt industry came to prominence at the beginning of the 19th century. From an old 3.5km mine in an ooidal iron ore seam (Doggererzflz) in Weilheim is wood in the Tuttlinger Fruchtkasten. The flowing water at the foot of the shield symbolizes Wittenberg's location on the River Elbe. This constitution (with subsequent modifications) remained in force until 1918 (see Wrttemberg).
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