The pharynx leads to a branched digestive tract. Planarian - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Planaria have a mouth, pharynx, and gastrovascular cavity with a single aperture. They are a group of tiny flatworms belonging to the phylum of Platyhelminthes. Instead, in sexual reproduction, each planarian transports Planaria are hermaphrodites, possessing both testicles and [In this image] Left: A Planarian is cut into pieces. Mechanics dictate where and how freshwater planarians fission Planaria can sense and respond to at least three forms of stimuli: Scientists even found that a planarian has a simple learning capability. You can even create a three-headed planarian if you make two incisions on its head. These Flatworms Can Regrow A Body From A Fragment. How Do They Do It Unlike other parasitic worms in the phylum of Platyhelminthes, Planaria are generally harmless to humans.2. The most striking feature of planaria is its ability to regenerate itself when cut with a knife. A single egg cell is produced by the ovaries of planarians. The length ranges from 3 to 15 mm (0.1 to 0.6 inches), with some reaching more than 30 cm (approximately 1 foot) in length. Two eyes and tentacles can be found on the spade-shaped head. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. J Embryol Exp Morpholog 89:5770, Sal E, Bagu J (2002) Regeneration in planarians and other worms: new findings, new tools, and new perspectives. The resulting head and tail pieces regenerate within about a week, forming two new worms. Fungal spores are smaller and lighter than plant seeds. Planaria use cilia located on the ventral (which translates to "belly") portion of their bodies to travel across surfaces. w persons from the components of their bodies. Salinity is the home of several marine animals. (Always replace the water; you can use the dish lid to transfer water to and from the planarian environment.) Saved Stories. Instead, its mouth is positioned in the centre of the underside of the body (occasionally even closer to the tail). Planaria's body can be cut or broken into several pieces, each of which grows into a whole organism. Acquired sexual worms are then able to produce sex-inducing substances by themselves to maintain a sexual state, without the intake of sex-inducing substances. Concept: Asexual Reproduction - Asexual Reproduction in Plant Report Error Is there an error in this question or solution? Comparative studies on breeding and fission frequencies of sexual and assumed asexual races which had been collected in ten localities in Japan; with an additional study on the fission plane. Chromosoma 123:265272, Collins JJ III, Hou X, Romanova EV, Lambrus BG, Miller CM, Saberi A, Sweedler JV, Newmark PA (2010) Genome-wide analysis reveal a role for peptide hormones in planarian germline development. They also move by contracting their muscles to swim with an undulating motion or creep like slugs. We also thank Miss Sachiko Arioka for producing 3D images. You can see two eyespots and auricles on its head.Photo source: Marc Perkins. Mechanism of asexual reproduction in flatworms -- ScienceDaily Regeneration varies from reproduction in that regeneration can occur from any part of the organism . . [In this image] Planarians nervous system.The cerebral ganglia, a bi-lobed mass of nerve tissue, is sometimes called the planarian brain. Chromosoma 117:289296, Kobayashi K, Hashiguchi T, Ichikawa T, Ishino Y, Hoshi M, Matsumoto M (2008b) Neoblast-enriched fraction rescues eye formation in eye-defective planarian menashi Dugesia ryukyuensis. They split into fragments, which develop into adult planaria. The majority of sexual reproduction is through cross-fertilization (where both individuals fertilize each other). What type of organism is the planaria? - Cultural Maya Biol J Linn Soc 85:191198, DSouza TG, Schulte RD, Schulenburg H, Michiels NK (2006) Paternal inheritance in parthenogenetic forms of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. In most species, fully developed young emerge and develop without metamorphosis (radical change). This review discusses insights obtained from the study of these intricate biological phenomena to help elucidate the mechanisms used for reproductive strategies in planarians, including that of switching from an asexual to a sexual state. In: Barigozzi C (ed) Mechanisms of speciation. Their spade-shaped head has two eyes (sometimes, cross-eyes). In many regions of the world, planaria are widespread. Planaria are remarkable in that they can regenerate an entire worm from just a tiny fragment of the original.6. Where is the tallest General Electric Building located? Copyright 2023 WittyQuestion.com | All rights reserved. The length of a planarian is usually about 3 to 15 mm (0.1 to 0.6 inches); some can grow up to 30 cm (about 1 foot) long. Int J Radiat Biol 14:373388, Maezawa T, Aria K, Shigenobu S, Kobayashi S (2009) Expression of the apoptosis inducer gene head involution defective in primordial germ cells of the Drosophila embryo requires eiger, p53, and loki function. Hydrobiologia 84:5368, Okugawa KI, Kawakatsu M (1954) Studies on the fission of Japanese fresh-water planaria, Dugesia gonocephala (Dugs) III. What specific section of the world do cannibals do not live? Turbellarians reproduce by fission and regeneration, or sexually. How does it move? Planaria gorge themselves on trash. In the laboratory, scientists utilize planaria as a model organism to further our understanding the regeneration. J Embryol Exp Morpholog 55:6576, Gremigni V, Miceli C, Picano E (1982) Evidence of male germ cell redifferentiation into female germ cells in planarian regeneration. Asexual Mode of Reproduction: Features, Modes, Examples and Videos - Toppr The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms. Article: What is a Planarian - The Biology Corner @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-medrectangle-4-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'rsscience_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-medrectangle-4-0');@media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-medrectangle-4-0_1-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'rsscience_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_6',105,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-105{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. How does planaria reproduce. is this method sexual or asexual - Brainly hiring for, Apply now to join the team of passionate The nerve cords can control muscles in the body that allow the worms to move or eat. When they eat, they use their long, muscular pharynx, which they evert to almost one-half their body length. Food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the intestines where it is digested by digestive enzymes. In fact, if the head of a planarian is cut in half down its center, and each side retained on the organism, it is possible for the planarian to regenerate two heads and continue to live. J Exp Zool 292:528539, Snchez Alvarado A, Tsonis PA (2006) Bridging the regeneration gap: genetic insights from diverse animal models. The original version of this chapter was revised. 1. Hydrobiologia 132:207216, Vowinckel C (1970) The role of illumination and temperature in the control of sexual reproduction in the planarian Dugesia tigrina (Girard). Sharing is caring! Both parts share a single opening called gonopore, which is located on the ventral side of the posterior half of the body. A karyological investigation. Experientia 48:753755, Nakagawa H, Ishizu H, Chinone A, Kobayashi K, Matsumoto M (2012a) The Dr-nanos gene is essential for germ cell specification in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. Early in the autumn, the reproductive organs begin to mature. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 0 Comment. PDF Name: Planarian Lab Date: Asexual/sexual reproduction - Cornell University All are simultaneous hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive organs in the same person. Rs 9000, Learn one-to-one with a teacher for a personalised experience, Confidence-building & personalised learning courses for Class LKG-8 students, Get class-wise, author-wise, & board-wise free study material for exam preparation, Get class-wise, subject-wise, & location-wise online tuition for exam preparation, Know about our results, initiatives, resources, events, and much more, Creating a safe learning environment for every child, Helps in learning for Children affected by Biol Bull 73:280294, Kenk R (1941) Induction of sexuality in the asexual form of Dugesia tigrina. Dev Biol 361:167176, Newmark PA, Snchez Alvarado A (2000) Bromodeoxyuridine specifically labels the regenerative stem cells of planarians. plan an investigation using say marigold or nasturtium seeds to test your ideas what will you pl In asexual reproduction, the planarian detaches its tail end and each half regrows the lost parts by regeneration, allowing neoblasts (adult stem cells) to divide and differentiate. Non-reproducing, 2. They have a solid body with no body cavity (referred to as acoelomate). J Embryol Exp Morpholog 70:2936, Hamase K (2015) Recent advances on d-amino acid research. download full PDF here, Planaria are flatworms belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes that have incredible, Scientific Classification and Diagram of Planaria, When extended, the body is soft, leaf-shaped, and ciliated. Cell 125:775784, Pearse V, Pearse J, Buchsbaum M, Buchsbaum R (1987) Flatworm body plan: bilateral symmetry, three layers of cells, organ-system level of construction, regeneration. However, in a few marine species, free-living, ciliated larvae are discharged. Salinity is the home of several marine animals. They have eyespots that detect changes in light How does Planria get oxygen It uses simple diffusion. Auricles cant hear the sound but can sense touch. They can secrete a film of gel-like mucus to serve as a lubricant. What was the date of sameul de champlians marriage? @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-netboard-2-0-asloaded{max-width:250px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'rsscience_com-netboard-2','ezslot_25',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-netboard-2-0'); The choices of diets for planaria could be divided into two groups. Planarians swim in an undulating pattern or move along the ground like slugs. Evidence that neoblasts are totipotent stem cells and the source of blastema cells. Google Scholar, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Agata K (2014) Thermosensory signaling by TRPM is processed by brain serotonergic neurons to produce planarian thermotaxis. Then its nutrients diffuse to the rest of the planarian through the branches of the gastrovascular cavity. II. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. weeks later. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-narrow-sky-1-0-asloaded{max-width:250px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'rsscience_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_21',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-narrow-sky-1-0'); Planaria can do this remarkable feat because roughly 25% of their body is made up of adult stem cells, which are able to regenerate all tissues. Flatworms Can Reproduce by Ripping Themselves in Half - The Atlantic Development 107:7786, Benazzi LG (1966a) Amphimixis and pseudogamy in freshwater triclads: experimental reconstitution of polyploid pseudogamic biotypes. Planaria can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Planarian - Biology, Classification, Characteristics, and Regeneration I. Sexually derived individuals. . Planaria move by beating their cilia, allowing them to glide along on the mucus film. The food is then digested in the highly branched gastrovascular cavity. Reproductive system of planarians - Wikipedia Bull Fuji Womens Coll 23:127132, Kawakatsu M, Oki I, Tamura S (1995) Taxonomy and geographical distribution of Dugesia japonica and D. ryukyuensis in the Far East. How do these organisms asexually reproduce? Two eyes and tentacles can be found on the spade-shaped head. J Comp Physiol Psychol 89:923932, Beukeboom LW, Vrijenhoek RC (1998) Evolutionary genetics and ecology of sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Asexual Reproduction: Planaria have the power to create ne w persons from the components of their bodies. Although the relationship between sexuality and ploidy has not yet been clarified, innate sexuality noticeably differs to acquired sexuality because worms never convert to an asexual state. After excretion, any useful nutrients will be reabsorbed by the cells. There are two methods of asexual reproduction: fragmentation and sponta-neous "dropping tails". Species from the tropics are frequently brilliantly coloured. Planaria have a single-opening digestive tract, which consists of a mouth, pharynx, and gastrovascular cavity. How does Planaria reproduce? Is this method sexual or asexual Zool Lett 1:7, Ishizuka H, Maezawa T, Kawauchi J, Nodono H, Hirao Y, Nishimura O, Nakagawa H, Sekii K, Tasaka K, Tarui H, Agata K, Hoshi M, Kobayashi K, Sakakibara Y, Matsumoto M (2007) The Dugesia ryukyuensis database as a molecular resource for studying switching of the reproductive system. A few species live on land in damp habitats like leaf litter. It constitutes flatworms that are segmented and bilaterally symmetrical. Planarian - Wikipedia Planaria reproduces both sexually and asexually. The body is usually Planaria reproduces both sexually and asexually. Perhaps the weirdest thing is when a planarian is cut into pieces; each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed worm. The worm can split in half and regenerate the missing portion. [In this image] Planarians excretory system is made up of tubules connected to excretory pores on both sides of the body. In sexual reproduction, offspring are produced "with new combinations of the parental genes," as defined by Williams ().According to this definition, parthenogenesis should be categorized as asexual reproduction. Reproductive and Developmental Strategies pp 175201Cite as, 1 , ant the seeds in ? Asexual freshwater planarians reproduce by tearing themselves into two pieces by a process called binary fission. increasing the level of genetic diversity. Some Platyhelminthes, the planaria, can reproduce asexually by binary fission. Asexual Reproduction: Planaria have the power to create new persons from the components of their bodies. The female part of the reproductive system in planarians is formed by two ovaries in the anterior region. Eggs develop inside the body and are shed in capsules. There is no body cavity or coelom. How much does Rick Harrison Jr make per episode? Nature 380:708711, Kobayashi K, Koyanagi R, Matsumoto M, Cabrera JP, Hoshi M (1999) Switching from asexual to sexual reproduction in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis: bioassay system and basic description of sexualizing process. Most anemones can reproduce asexually through budding, where fragments break off and develop into new individuals. Hydrobiologia 305:5561, Kenk R (1937) Sexual and asexual reproduction in Euplanaria tigrina (Girard). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Reproductive and Developmental Strategies, An erratum to this publication is available online at, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_9, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_35. Some planaria, on the other hand, are effective predators that search for worms, snails, and small arthropods like daphnia, isopods, and baby shrimp. Reproduction, on the other hand, is the process through which a new organism is created from specialised cells known as gametes. Early in the autumn, the reproductive organs begin to mature. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Planarians are carnivores and obtain their food by predation or scavenging. J Exp Zool 87:5569, Khoronenkova SV, Tishkov VI (2008) d-amino acid oxidase: physiological role and applications. Members of the North American genus Dugesia are black, gray, or brown. Dev Biol 344:979991, Williams G (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Int Rev Cytol 27:101179, Benazzi M (1974) Fissioning in planarians from a genetic standpoint. Integr Comp Biol 43:242246, Inoue T, Kumamoto H, Okamoto K, Umesono Y, Sakai M, Sanchez Alvarado A, Agata K (2004) Morphological and functional recovery of the planarian photosensing system during head regeneration. These organisms invertebrates, lack a body cavity, and display heads and bilateral symmetry. "The animal attaches to the surface, and the head . Amoeba, bacteria), budding (e.g. 1. Answer (1 of 3): Planarians can reproduce asexually by fission (the body splits in two) although this is usually he result of trauma and regeneration as opposed to being a reproductive strategy. Asexual freshwater planariansRead More However, sexual reproduction requires two individuals. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. and develops inside the body of the planaria and hatches a few These muscles are controlled and coordinated by the nerve cords. Cellular Dynamics and Regenerative Potential, Gene Therapy: A Promising Biotechnology for the Treatment of Genetic Diseases and Cancers Basic Introduction, The Biology of Molds (Moulds) classification, characteristics, structure and types, Facts about Amoeba, structure, behavior and reproduction, Cell Culture Basics The Foundation of Biotechnology, The Secret of Bird Feathers Whats a Feather Look Like Under a Microscope?. The cilia propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface. competitive exams, Heartfelt and insightful conversations Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 3336, Nagata Y (1992) Involvement of d-amino acid oxidase in elimination of d-serine in mouse brain. The number of eggs within one cocoon can vary between species, ranging between 1 and 20 from earthworm species in the family Lumbricidae (but most species have just 1). This is referred to as regeneration. Asexually derived individuals. use regeneration as a method of asexual reproduction. Depending on environmental conditions, some asexual worms also develop complex hermaphroditic reproductive organs from planarian pluripotent stem cells, or neoblasts. The eyespots can help planaria sense and respond to light.4. S, the other hand, occurs when one flatworm transports sperm to the seminal receptacle of the recipient flatworm via the penile duct. A quick overview Planaria or Planarians (singular: Planarian) are also called "cross-eyed worms". By nature, a planarian moves away from light. A planarian usually has a triangular head and a Rhabdocoela has a rounded head.Photo source: fishlab. Others can also reproduce asexually by budding. Kazuya Kobayashi . How do planaria reproduce? - Answers Rev Suisse Zool 55:218227, Yamamoto A, Tanaka H, Ishida T, Horiike K (2010) d-aspartate oxidase localisation in pituitary and pineal glands of the female pig. Understanding this process of ripping oneself into two parts poses a challenging biomechanical problem. Cilia also draw water from the interstitial fluid, allowing for filtration. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 476492, Benazzi M (1982) Speciation events evidenced in Turbellaria. @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'rsscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_18',118,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); [In this image] When scientists removed a critical gene from a planarian, it confused and regenerated into a multi-headed planarian.Photo source: Peter Reddien. (B) A planarian cut into three pieces (head, body, tail) will regenerate into three separate individuals. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Let us now look at the different modes of asexual reproduction in brief. Planaria are small, but not simple. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. Above the muscle layer, another subepidermal plexus is found at the bases of epithelial cells. These tubules have pores located all along the sides of the body. Is it wrong to say excuse my left when giving someone an item with your left hand? In humid environments, several terrestrial species can be found on or in the soil, under logs, and on plants. Dev Genes Evol 215:109131, CrossRef Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout, Bagu J, Sal E, Auladell C (1989) Regeneration and pattern formation in planarians III. Bull Kyoto Gakugei Univ Ser B 5:4252. The organism itself does not have to be completely cut into separate pieces for the regeneration phenomenon to be witnessed. Acc Naz Lincei 52:539543, Gremigni V, Banchetti R (1972b) The origin of hyperplasia in the ovaries of ex-fissiparous specimens of Dugesia gonocephala s.l. Other common species used are the blackish Planaria maculata and Girardia dorotocephala. [In this image] A brown speckled planarian (Dugesia tigrine). Cell Tissue Res 358:607620, Hase S, Kobayashi K, Koyanagi R, Hoshi M, Matsumoto M (2003) Transcriptional pattern of a novel gene, expressed specifically after the point-of-no-return during sexualization, in planaria. [In this video] A Time-lapse recording of the planaria regeneration process. Int J Dev Biol 56:93102, Stck M, Lamatsc DK, Steinlein C, Epplen JT, Grosse W-R, Hock R, Klapperstck T, Lampert KP, Scheer U, Schmid M, Schartl M (2002) A bisexually reproducing all-triploid vertebrate. Planaria have neither a circulatory nor respiratory system. III. However, when compared side by side, the differences become clear the shape of the head. Pigment Cell Res 18:8691, Shibata N, Hayashi T, Fukumura R, Fujii J, Kudome-Takamatsu T, Nishimura O, Sano S, Son F, Suzuki N, Araki R, Abe M, Agata K (2012) Comprehensive gene expression analyses in pluripotent stem cells of a planarian, Dugesia japonica. The tail is angular. How can you tell is a firm is incorporated? In the spring, cocoons holding fertilised eggs are laid. 1. A stem cell population (neoblasts) generates new cells and is comprised of pluripotent . Furthermore, regeneration does not always result in the emergence of a new person, whereas reproduction always results in the emergence of new individuals from the parent organism. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In humid environments, several terrestrial species can be found on or in the soil, under logs, and on plants. It is a type of asexual reproduction in which if Planaria can be cut into any number of pieces, each piece grows into a new orgainsm. As planaria are considered hermaphroditic they possess both male and female sex glands. A planarian with a body 6 mm long contains approximately 6105 (0.6 million) cells. How does planaria reproduce. Flame cells were named because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope.Flame cells function like nephrons in our kidney, removing waste materials through filtration. Do Turbellaria reproduce sexually or asexually? CAS In most species, fully developed young emerge and develop without metamorphosis (radical change). For this reason, if you can spot planaria in your friends tank or in an aquarium shop, you probably can get them for free. Reproductive Strategies in Planarians: Insights Gained from the Bioassay System for Sexual Induction in Asexual Dugesia ryukyuensis Worms. Some planarian species have two eyespots (also known as ocelli). The body of Planaria is soft (lack of skeleton) and leaf-shaped (bilateral symmetry). How do Planaria reproduce sexually? - BYJU'S Ex. Chromosoma 19:1427, CrossRef This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. J Evol Biol 11:755782, Beukeboom LW, Weinzierl RP, Reed KM, Michiels NK (1996) Distribution and origin of chromosomal races in the freshwater planarian Dugesia polychroa (Turbellaria: Tricladida). Planaria are free-living flatworms that live in quiet ponds or bodies of water. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The model fully captures the pulsation dynamics . Zool Sci 19:661666, Kobayashi K, Hoshi M (2011) Sex-inducing effect of a hydrophilic fraction on reproductive switching in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis (Seriata, Tricladida). Generally, we wont call these parasitic ones Planaria. Develop Growth Differ 50:689696, Kobayashi K, Arioka S, Hoshi M, Matsumoto M (2009) Production of asexual and sexual offspring in the triploid planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:13731394, Sakurai T (1981) Sexual induction by feeding in an asexual strain of the fresh-water planarian, Dugesia japonica japonica. How much is a 1928 series b red seal five dollar bill worth? The majority of planarians live in freshwater and can be found in huge groups; some species are marine, while others are terrestrial. Mol Reprod Dev 79:757766, Oki I, Tamura S, Yamayoshi T, Kawakatsu M (1981) Karyological and taxonomic studies of Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu in the Far East. Asexual reproduction can occur through a process called: a) transverse fission b) binary . Dugesia is a black, grey, or brown genus found in North, Planarians swim in an undulating pattern or move along the ground like slugs. Recently, Schmidtea mediterranea also becomes a popular model organism for molecular biological and genomic research. @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-narrow-sky-2-0-asloaded{max-width:250px!important;max-height:250px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'rsscience_com-narrow-sky-2','ezslot_22',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-rsscience_com-narrow-sky-2-0'); Classification of planarian the phylum Platyhelminthes, How to obtain planarians for your microscopic project, Ascaris lumbricoides Structure, Reproduction, Life Cycle, Characteristics. With this nerve system, the planarian is able to move in a coordinated manner.Photo source: Byron Inouye. Do Turbellaria reproduce sexually or asexually? I will show you several interesting scientific findings of the planarian, including a planarian regenerated to have THREE heads! J Pharm Biomed Anal 116:1, Harrath H, Sluys R, Zghal F, Tekaya S (2009) First report of adelphophagy in flatworms during the embryonic development of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (Benazzi, Bagu, Ballester, Puccinelli & Del Papa, 1975) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida).
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