American History Centralis a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, a program designed to allowsites to generate revenue by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The decisive Union victories at Forts Henry and Donelson thrust Grant into the national spotlight and opened the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers to the Union navy. Fort Donelson - HistoryNet Updates? However, confusion reigned as no one Union leader was in command on the field. ThoughtCo, Apr. Soon after the surrender, civilians and relief agencies rushed to assist the Union Army. The Union army was driven back two miles, but it did not break. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. The site is owned, operated, and funded by R.Squared Communications, LLC. Grant's answer was short and direct: "No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted." The Union, under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant and Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote, had just taken Fort Henry 10 days earlier. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson Flashcards | Quizlet After initial successes, the Confederates were unable to hold their positions and were forced back, resulting in a Union victory. Battle of Fort Donelson - Wikipedia Daviss inauguration took place on February 18. Many troops on both sides had no experience in battle. April 6, 1862 - April 7, 1862. He became the highest ranking general on either side killed during the war. These losses led to massive retreats by the . Francis Pickens sent commissioners to Washington, D.C., to claim possession of the forts in Charleston Harbor and all other U.S. property in his state. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. more information on current conditions Park Histories | Park History Program (nps.gov), Battles & Leaders of the Civil War | eHISTORY (osu.edu), Battles and leaders of the civil war : Century Company : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. Grant's operations against Fort Donelson lasted from February 11 to February 16, 1862. Should Fort Donelson be taken it will open the route to the enemy to Nashville." . Surging out of their lines, the Confederate troops succeeded in driving back McClernand's men and turning their right flank. The Confederate leaders ready acceptance of Lincolns challenge may have been due to a fear that without a collision the ardour of the Southern people, many of whom had opposed secession, might abate. [1], Wheeler's force retired. In the middle of the afternoon, Johnston rode forward to direct the Confederate attack and was struck in the leg by a bullet, severing an artery and causing him to quickly bleed to death. All Rights Reserved. A: February 6, 1862. Due to their dire predicament, the Confederates asked for terms of surrender. 507 Union soldiers were killed at the Battle of Fort Donelson. Disaster loomed for the Union army. Dates: February 11-16, 1862 Create your account View this answer The Battle of Fort Donelson was a decisive victory for the Union Army. The fort was named after Confederate general Daniel S. Donelson. Several online versions are available, and may be helpful. 931-232-5706. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest denounced Wheeler, a favorite of Gen. Braxton Bragg, saying he would not serve under him again. Generals Floyd and Pillow abandoned their men and fled across the river, while Lt. Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest, disgusted with the Confederate decision to surrender, took his cavalrymen and escaped down the Charlotte Road. Fort Donelson Battle Facts and Summary - American Battlefield Trust February 11-16, 1862 Decision in the Heartland The Civil War in the West The western campaigns cost the Confederacy vast territories, the manufacturing of Nashville, the financial center of New Orleans, communication hub Corinth, Chattanooga, and Atlanta, along with the breadbasket of the Confederacy. These volumes were an attempt to collect all the official reports, communications, and more from the War. Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, and Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River, guarded the positions where those rivers bisected Confederate lines. More disastrously, a Rebel force of about 18,000 was defeated by Union troops under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Fort Donelson (February 13-16). Dates: February 11-16, 1862 Generals: Union: Ulysses S. Grant | Confederate: John B. Floyd Soldiers Engaged: Union Army: 24,000 | Confederate Army: 16,000 Outcome: Union Victory Casualties: Union: 2,600 | Confederate: 13,800 A week after capturing Fort Henry on the Tennessee River,. February 13, 1862 - February 16, 1862. The Battle of Fort Donelson (February 11-16, 1862) was one of the Union's first major victories in the American Civil War (1861-65). His 1862 triumphs at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in western Tennessee won him the nickname "Unconditional Surrender" Grant, and placed him before the public eye. Kennedy Hickman Updated on January 19, 2020 The Battle of Fort Donelson was an early battle in the American Civil War (1861-1865). American Civil War: Major General Gideon J. Pillow, Profile of American Civil War Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War: Major General Joseph Hooker, American Civil War: Major General Oliver O. Howard, American Civil War: Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, American Civil War: Major General Henry Heth, American Civil War: Major General Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War: General P.G.T. During the night of February 15 and 16, Confederate leaders discussed their options. With the capture of Fort Donelson and its sister fort, Henry, the North had not only won its first great victory, it had also gained a new hero--"Unconditional Surrender" Grant, who was promoted to major general. Strung out along a wide front in Kentucky and Tennessee, Johnston was confronted by Grant's 25,000 men at Fort Henry and Major General Don Carlos Buell's 45,000-man army at Louisville, KY. Battle of Shiloh. It was a sobering reminder to all in the Union and the Confederacy that the war would be long, bloody and costly. The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, took place from April 6 to April 7, 1862, and was one of the major early engagements of the American Civil War. Grant reasoned, correctly, that the Confederate right must be greatly reduced in strength given the heavy assault from the Confederate left. Around 3 p.m., Foote approached the fort with his fleet and opened fire. Although 3,000 Confederates managed to escape, the defeat demoralized Southern society; citizens in Nashville rioted, Southern hopes of help from England diminished, Johnstons reputation was destroyed, and the Union now owned a deep wedge into the Southern lines. Coming on the heels of taking Fort Henry, the Union was then able to capture Fort Donelson. Refusing to give up, Grant pressed the need for a success to Brigadier General C.F. The Union capture of the Confederate fort near the Tennessee - Kentucky border opened the Cumberland River, an important avenue for the invasion of the South. Fort Donelson National Battlefield - Wikipedia Battle of Fort Donelson. Battle of Fort Donelson Facts, Details, and Timeline, Battle of Fort Donelson, Civil War Facts for Kids, Social Studies Resources, APUSH Study Material, George Forsyths Eyewitness Account of Robert E. Lees Surrender at Appomattox Court House, Abraham Lincoln, a Sance at the White House, and a Visit from the Spirits of Henry Knox and Stephen Douglas, The True Story of How General Stephen Weed Died at the Weikert House During the Battle of Gettysburg, Longstreet at Gettysburg on Day 1, Disputing the Lost Cause, The True Story of Joe Hookers African Spies at Fredericksburg During the Civil War. 37058, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. A peace conference, called by Virginia, also met in Washington and suggested amendments to the Constitution that would satisfy Southern grievances. When the Union gunboats arrived the next day, they met determined fire from shore batteries that severely damaged the flotilla and left Footes flagship a shambles. Grant at Fort Donelson, - Project Gutenberg Lincolns inaugural speech was really addressed to the slave states still in the Union. A difficult problem confronted the new president. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was determined to move quickly onto the much larger Fort Donelson, located on the nearby Cumberland River. Johnston attacked, driving the surprised bluecoats back near Shiloh Church in southwestern Tennessee. The whole U.S. Army numbered only about 17,000 men, most of whom were scattered in small posts on the Western frontier, whence they could not be hastily withdrawn. The First Nebraska stood its ground as Confederate soldiers tried to make an outbreak. PO Box 434 Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Fort Donelson was a fortress built early in 1862 by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to control the Cumberland River, which led to the heart of Tennessee, and thereby the Confederacy. That morning, February 16, Buckner asked Grant for terms. Battle of Fort Sumter | Location, Significance, & Map | Britannica Gen. Gideon Pillow ordered the attacking force back to their earthworks, thereby abandoning the hard-fought gains of the morning. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. Corrections? Among the best first-hand accounts from the American Civil War is the Official Records of the War of Rebellion. The Federals, however, apprised of Wheeler's intent, refrained from sending any boats up or downriver. Smith on the left, and the new arrivals in the center. With another Union attack poised to strike, the Federal soldiers were surprised to see white flags flying above the Confederate earthworks. [1], .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}362905N 875127W / 36.48485N 87.85747W / 36.48485; -87.85747, Last edited on 27 November 2022, at 13:27, CWSAC Report Update and Resurvey: Individual Battlefield Profiles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dover_(1863)&oldid=1124127322, This page was last edited on 27 November 2022, at 13:27. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Pickens seized the arsenal and other forts around the harbour and began throwing up batteries against Sumter. Hickman, Kennedy. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was determined to move quickly onto the much larger Fort Donelson, located on the nearby Cumberland River. 2,691 (killed, wounded, and missing/captured). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On the morning of February 16, Buckner sent Grant a note requesting terms of surrender. The Confederates had many more casualties than the Union. Upon Andersons refusal to evacuate, the batteries opened fire at 4:30 am on April 12. This gave the Confederates a chance to get away from the Union troops, but Confederate General Gideon Pillow believed that they Confederates could win the battle and chose not to retreat. Only on March 5 did Lincoln learn that Anderson might be starved into surrender. Second Corps, Army of Tennessee. Fort Donelson | American Battlefield Trust Quick Facts Date Started: The Battle of Fort Donelson started on Wednesday, February 12, 1862. Of 1,000 men . [1], In late January 1863, Confederate Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, commanding two brigades of cavalry, took position on the Cumberland River at Palmyra to disrupt Union shipping. On February 11, Johnston appointed Brig. Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston dispatched four generals and rushed 18,000 troops to meet the Union forces commanded by General Ulysses S. Grant, who were marching from Fort Henry, and a Union gunboat flotilla steaming downriver under the command of Commodore Andrew Foote. In the months prior to the Battle of Shiloh, Yankee troops had been working their way up the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. Artillery regiment was the first of as many as 850,000 Americans who would perish before the cessation of hostilities. Grant's operations against Fort Donelson lasted from February 11 to February 16, 1862. That morning, February 16, Buckner asked Grant for terms. To do this, Grant pushed for attacks against Fort Heiman and Fort Henry, which guarded the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. The battle began when the Confederate Army launched a surprise attack on Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant in southwestern Tennessee. The Battle of Dover, also known as the Second Battle of Fort Donelson, was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on February 3, 1863, in Stewart County, Tennessee. James Buchanans term, when a succession of events occurred that brought the contending regions of the United States to the verge of armed conflict. Who won the US Civil War Battle of Fort Donelson? - Answers Forts Henry and Donelson - NHHC Losing his nerve, Pillow postponed the attack. After the fall of Fort Henry, Brig. What was the outcome of the Battle of Fort Donelson? 327 Confederate soldiers were killed at the Battle of Fort Donelson. How it ended Union victory. February 11 - 16, 1862 The Battle of Fort Donelson After the fall of Fort Henry, Brig. The Confederates were defeated at Mill Springs, Kentucky (January 19, 1862), and at the Battle of Fort Henry, in Tennessee (February 6). Grant was receiving reinforcements daily and had extended his right flank almost to Lick Creek to complete the encirclement of the Southerners. Before moving upstream, Grant began shifting his command east to take Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River. (2023, April 5). National Park Service: Shiloh National Military Park. Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant was becoming quite famous as he wrote these words following the surrender of Confederate Fort Donelson on Sunday, February 16, 1862. Battle of Fort Henry | American Civil War | Britannica Grant at Fort Donelson - U.S. National Park Service Delegates from the seceding states met at Montgomery, Alabama, organized the Confederate States of America, and set up a provisional government with Jefferson Davis as president. General Pierre G. T. Beauregard assumed control, and he halted the advance at nightfall. Friends before the war, Buckner was hoping to receive generous terms. The cause: the fall of Fort Donelson in February 1862. Grants soldiers could hear the Confederate cheers as the gunboats withdrew. Later that day, he surrendered the fort and its garrison became the first of three Confederate armies to be captured by Grant during the course of the war. It is the mission of Fort Donelson National Battlefield to protect the historic resources associated with the Civil War battle, to convey the significance of these events in the continuum of history, to provide a setting for contemplation and reverence, and to inspire in the community and nation a commitment to preserve these places for future generations.
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